Do you know if your pet’s microchip details are up to date?

If you have never checked your pet’s microchip details, it is a good idea to make sure the registry has your correct address and contact numbers in case your furry friend decides to go wandering and not come home.

A microchip is an implant about the size of a grain of rice and is located in between the shoulder blades. Over time they can migrate to other areas under the skin so usually veterinary staff will scan the whole animal.

There are several registries in Australia. If you are unsure which one your pet is with, you can go to www.petaddress.com.au and type in their microchip number. The microchip number itself is either 10 or 15 digits long and may be on paperwork from when you first got your animal. If you don’t have this number at home, you can call our clinic as we may have the number on file. Alternatively, you can bring your animal into the clinic and we can scan them free of charge.

Once you find out which registry the microchip is registered to, you can go to the registry’s website and follow the prompts to create a log-in. From here you will be able to see what details the registry have for you and your pet and update them if need be.

Some common registries include:

Central Animal Records (C.A.R)

Australasian Animal Registry (A.A.R)

Petsafe Register

Homesafe ID

National Pet Registry

It is important to make sure this information is as accurate as possible in case your pet gets lost, stolen or picked up by the council.

Please note that microchip registration and council registration are different and you will need to contact your local council in regards to council registration.

If you have any questions please don’t hesitate to contact us and we will do our best to answer your questions ph 0394158288

It's almost here, so please don't forget to stock up on your pets food or medicines for the Christmas break.

Please call us first to order any specialty foods or to make sure we have your pets prescription medicines in stock...

Did you know that fleas can be dormant in the environment for up to 6 months? Their activity and reproduction is stimulated by warmth and vibration in their surroundings. This means that with the warmer weather and people and animals getting out and about more, flea numbers increase and dogs and cats are more likely to get infested.

Fleas have a life cycle that comprises of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult fleas. Adult fleas are the only ones that we actually see, but for every adult flea, there are hundreds more eggs and larvae on pets, carpets and in homes. On pets they can cause discomfort and itchiness but also lead to other more serious issues such as Pyoderma (skin infections), Flea Allergy Dermatitis, and Anemia due to blood loss. Fleas can also be vectors for spreading disease, such as Tapeworms and Bartonellosis, both of which can be spread between animals and also affect humans.

Some flea facts!

Fleas can jump 150 times their own body length, the equivalent of a us jumping 300 metresAdult female flea lay up to 50 eggs per day, or 2000 in a lifetime.To do so, she will eat up to 15 times her own body weight in blood each dayFleas are blind, but they’re very good at using heat and carbon dioxide detection to find their way from one animal to another

How to control fleas on your pets and in your home:

Ideally we recommend using flea prevention all year round, but this is even more important in the warmer months. There are monthly spot-ons, chews and tablets for dogs and cats, and a 3 monthly product available for dogs. All of these are very effective in preventing, controlling and killing flea infestations, and breaking the life cycle.

*Not all products are equal and some can be potentially dangerous if used incorrectly, especially for cats.

In time for spring, we have some promotions on our best flea products

Buy a 6 month pack of Nexgard Spectra, get 1 month free (while stocks last)Buy a 6 month pack of Advocate and get 25% off (til 28th September)Buy 12 months of Advocate and get a 3 pack free, in addition to the 25% off

Come in and see us anytime for a chat to our nurses about flea control, there’s no need to make an appointment

Our Senior Pets Series, Seniors Test $240 for June and July Only

Excessive drinking (polydipsia) and increased urination (polyuria) go hand in hand. Animals which make very dilute urine, will need to drink more water to make up for the water loss through larger volumes of urine.

There are many reasons why animals may increase the amount of water they drink, or the frequency they urinate. Many of these diseases are more common in older animals, but can occur at any age.

There are many causes of dilute urine and increased thirst.

In the early stages of all of these diseases, these may be the only symptoms seen. Sometimes this increased thirst and urination is accompanied by weight loss.

Sometimes we do not notice an increase in thirst or urine volume, but our pet seems to become incontinent or lose their house training. This is more likely to be noticed in dogs, but sometimes will result in cats urinating outside of the litter tray.

Common causes of dilute urine and increased drinking include:

Diabetes Mellitus

Kidney failure

Urinary Tract infections

Hyperthyroidism (cats)

Cushing’s Disease (dogs)

Addison’s Disease (dogs)

Pyometra (female entire dogs)

Hypercalcaemia

Liver Disease

There are also several other uncommon causes of increased drinking and urinating.

Many of these conditions will be diagnosed with a combination of urine analysis and blood test.

If you think your pet is drinking too much water, book an appointment for a check up with a vet. If possible, bring a urine sample with you, and we can confirm any abnormalities in the urine at the time of your consultation. If your pet is a senior , book a senior appointment in June and July for added extras and discounts.

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

Brachycephalic dogs such as Pugs, Boston terriers, French and British bulldogs, have gained in popularity in recent years. While these breeds are incredibly cute and have lovely temperaments, unfortunately they also come with health risks. Brachycephalic dogs are characterised by their short squashed muzzles and noses. Over the years, many of these dogs have been bred to have increasingly shorter and shorter muzzles, leaving less space for the structures around the nose and mouth. Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome is the disease process that occurs because of this.

Symptoms of Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome include;

Increased effort and heavy breathingloud breathing and snoringShortness of breathExercise intoleranceHeat intoleranceTongue hanging from mouth

These symptoms are caused by generalised narrowing of all the pathways that air must travel through to reach the lungs. This includes;

Narrowed nostrils which limit the amount of air that can be inhaledAn elongated soft palate (excessive tissue at the back of the mouth) which obstructs the entry of air into the trachea,A narrowed trachea, further limiting the amount of air that reaches the lungs.All the previous three issues eventually lead to the 4th brachycephalic airway abnormality - everted laryngeal saccules. These are tissue flaps around the larynx (voice box) which become sucked into the airway, and have a suffocating effect.

Long term, the increased effort to breathe leads to inflammation and secondary changes in the lungs. This further narrows the airway and unfortunately only makes the problem worse as these breeds get older.

What can be done to help?

There are several surgical procedures that can help open up the airways and make brachycephalic dogs more comfortable.

A Nares Resection involves removing small wedges of tissue to increase the size of the nostrils without significantly changing the dog’s appearance.

At the same time, a procedure called a Staphylectomy can remove the excessive tissue of the elongated soft palate.

The vets at All Creatures on Hoddle can do these procedures as a day surgery under general anaesthetic. In certain circumstances, mostly in older dogs where secondary changes have already occurred, we may recommend additional surgeries are done at a surgical specialist centre.

Part 4 of our parasite series

pic by Caitlin of Tom and Captain

Heartworm

Lifecycle

Adult heartworm are located in the pulmoary artery, and in bad cases, the right ventricle of the heart. The female adults release stage 1 larvae into the blood stream. These larvae are ingested by mosquitoes when they bite the infested dog. The larvae undergo further development within the mosquito, and migrates into the mouth parts of the mosquito. From here, the mosquito bites another dog. This stage crawls through the skin and into the blood stream. IT then follows the blood flow to its final destination, the pulmonary artery and right ventricle.

Prevalence

For heartworm disease to spread, the right species of mosquitos must be present in high enough numbers. The prevalence of heartworm increases the further north you travel in Australia. Victoria is a low risk area, NSW is higher risk, and Queensland is a very high risk area for this diease. The parasite is also carried by feral animals such as dogs and foxes.

Health Effects on Dogs and Cats

The health effects on dogs depend on how many adult heartworm and lodged in the blood stream. The end stage of heartworm disease is congestive heart failure. Worms that dislodge may wedge in the smaller blood vessels of the lungs, leading to pulmonary thromboembolism (similar to deep vein thrombosis). Dogs may not show signs of heartworm until the disease is very far progressed. Treatment is difficult, especially in heavy infestations.

Cats are much less likely to be affected by the species of heartworm present in Australia.

Health Effects on Humans

Canine and Feline heartworm is not known to affect humans

Prevention

Canine heartworm disease can be prevented quite easily. An annual long acting injection of a drug that can prevent this infections. A range of monthly products are available. Most combined products that cover fleas and roundworms will also protect against heartworm if used to product directions.

If you travel with your dog, and are likely to be entering higher risk areas at times, the annual injection may be the best option. In this case you do not have to worry about forgetting to give prevention in time, and the injection can be given at the same time as you dog’s annual health check and vaccination.

Which of the following is true?

Heartworm disease is very common in VictoriaDisease caused by heartworm is mild, and easily treatedHeartworm can be easily and effectively preventedHeartworm is spread by close contact with other dogs

A. Toxocara canis ( a roundworm)

B. Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)

C. Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid tapeworm)

D. All of the above

Read on to see if you are right.........

Several types of intestinal worms can affect cats and dogs.

These include roundworms, hookworms and tapeworms.

Lifecycle

Roundworm and Hookworms have similar lifecycles. The adult worms live in the intestines. They lay eggs which hatch in the environment. The larvae that emerge from these eggs can then infect cats and dogs, or other species including humans.

Some species of intestinal worms will travel through the body and can be spread to puppies and kittens in the uterus, or through milk in early life.

Figure 4:Toxacara canis lifecycle

https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxocariasis/biology.html

Large numbers of round worms can accumulating in the intestines, and potentially cause an obstruction. Round worms are a common cause of diarrhoea in young puppies. Hookworms suck blood from the intestinal walls. Some of this blood leaks into the intestines and large infections can lead to severe anaemia

Figure 5 :Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm) lifecycle.

https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/zoonotichookworm/biology.html

Tapeworm lifecycle is a bit different. The tapeworm requires and intermediate host. This is commonly animals such as fleas, livestock, rodents, rabbits, other small mammals and humans.

The most common species of tapeworm within Melbourne is the Diplydidium caninum (common dog tapeworm). The intermediate host in this worms lifecycle is the flea. The larval flea eats the infective tapeworm segments. The flea goes through its lifecycle, and once fully grown infests a dog or cat. When these fleas are eaten by the dog or cat, then tapeworm hatches and can finish its development.

Dogs and cats that spend time on farms are at a higher risk of becoming infected with Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid tapeworms). The lifecycle for these tapeworm is similar in that there is an intermediate host. For hydatid tapeworms the intermediate host may be rats and mice, rabbits, livestock such as cattle and sheep, or even people. The health implications for humans that become infected with hydatid tapeworms are much more serious than for dogs and cats. All dogs and cats that spend time on farms should be treated for tapeworm every 6 weeks to prevent human infection. For more information on hydatid tapeworm risk in humans in Australia see this press release from the Australian Veterinary Association http://www.ava.com.au/13261

Health Effects on Dogs and Cats

Large numbers of adult worms can damage the intestinal wall and cause diarrhoea. Depending on the species, these adult worms either feed on the intestines, or the food within the intestines.

With age dogs and cats develop some immunity to round and hookworms. Puppies and kittens have no immunity to these parasites, so it is particularly important to ensure they are wormed more frequently.

Large numbers of tapeworms are required to cause significant disease in cats and dogs, and the proglottid segments can often be seen in the pet’s faeces. Animals on farms, or infected with fleas have higher risks.

Health Effects on Humans

Larval stages of hookworms can cause skin lesions in people. The larvae live in sand and on grass. A common location for these rashes to occur is on the bottom of feet as a result of walking outside in bear feet. Wearing shoes and washing hands after playing with sand can reduce human infection. It is recommended to keep children’s sand pits covered when not in use to prevent animals defecating in the sand and leaving behind these worms.

Roundworms can cause infections in people. In humans these parasites do not complete the lifecycle to become adult worms. Instead the larva can cause a localised infection, or may migrate through the body, to lodge in a random location. Laraval roundworms can cause infections in eyes in humans. Again, regular (daily) removal of faeces from the yard will reduce spread of these paraistes.

Tapeworm can be more serious in humans. Humans act as an intermediate host, and these tapeworm for cysts within the body. These cysts can occur in liver, lungs or brain. This disease is known as Echinococcus.

Removal of faeces daily and regular worming of your pet should eliminate risk of infection to people.

Prevention

Cleaning up the faeces in the yard on a daily basis will remove worm eggs before they hatch and become infective.

Regular intestinal worming will kill adult worms within the cat or dog. This should be continued regularly, as your pet may become re-infected by eating things at the park or on walks.

Worming in puppies and kittens should start at an early age, and should be more regular than for adults. Worming should be done at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, then at 4, 5, and 6 months of age. After this adult worming regimes can start.

Avoid allowing your pet to eat dead animals, or fresh offal. These are common sources for hydatid tapeworm.

For most adult pets we recommend intestinal worming every three months. However, if your pet travels to a farm, especially one with livestock present, we recommend worming for tapeworm every 6 weeks.

Part two of our Common Parasite series -Ticks

Ticks tend to have defined ranges.

Different species are located in different parts of the country. Bush ticks and Brown Dog Ticks are common throughout rural Victoria. Paralysis Ticks are located in more humid environments near water bodies (coast or lakes).

The zone of the paralysis tick seems to be moving and they are currently found through large areas of eastern Victoria.

In Australia wild and feral animals maintain the life cycle.

Lifecycle

These ticks are “3 host” ticks.

The first juvenile life stage attaches to one animal, feeds, then drops off. It then develops into the next life stage, which in turn attaches to a new host. This occurs a third time. These 3 hosts could be 3 different hosts, or the same animal 3 times. These ticks survive in the wild commonly on wildlife, feral animals, and livestock.

Health Effects on Dogs and Cats

Health effects depend on the tick. All ticks feed on blood, this can cause anaemia (lack of red blood cells) and can spread blood borne infections. The paralysis tick injects a paralysing toxin into the animal. If not removed and treated with anti-venom, this paralysis may be fatal. Bush ticks and cattle ticks may also affect cats and dogs. Although not venomous, they do suck blood, and can spread some infectious diseases.

Health Effects on Humans

Ticks may also bite humans. As we are less hairy, people tend to notice these parasites and quickly remove them.

Prevention

If you are travelling to a region where ticks are found, preventative products must be used. Many flea preventive products on the market treat ticks as well, however the label must be read carefully. Some of these products do not prevent ticks for as long as they are effective for fleas, so it is important to follow the instructions carefully.

Care must be taken to use appropriate products for cats. Some tick preventatives are safe for dogs, but highly toxic to cats. If you have cats and are concerned about which product is best, please contact us.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true of ticks in Australia?

A. Australia is home to a species of ticks that may cause a fatal paralysis

B. Ticks in Australia may spread blood borne infections

C. Ticks can cause anaemia

D. All of the above

Common Parasites of Cats and Dogs

There is a large variety of parasites that can affect cats and dogs. We will briefly describe some of the most common of these, their life cycles, and their potential to spread to humans!

Week 1 - Fleas

Fleas

Fleas are very common in Melbourne. We recommend all cats that go outdoors, and all dogs are kept on a flea prevention treatment.

Life Cycle

The life cycle is depicted below. The Adults spend most of their time on the dog or cat. The jump off to lay their eggs in the environment, these eggs hatch to form larvae. These larvae live in the environment (dog or cat’s bed, carpet, floor boards, back yard, dog park etc). They survive by eating skin cells shed into the environment. These then pupate (similar to a caterpillar in a cocoon). This part of the life cycle last the longest, and is resistant to many chemicals that will kill the other life stages. The flea lifecycle can last 3-6 months from egg to adult flea.

The Flea population is made up of the following life stages:

Adults 5%

Pupae 10%

Larvae 35%

Eggs 50%

Health Effects on Cats and Dogs

Adult fleas feed off blood, and heavy flea burdens can cause anaemia (lack of red blood cells).

Fleas can cause allergic dermatitis. Dogs and cats with flea allergies can have severe rash and itch from a small number of adult fleas.

Fleas can spread tapeworm and some blood borne infections.

Health Effects on People

Fleas will bite humans, and can cause an irritating rash.

Prevention

There are a variety of effective flea prevention products on the market. Come in to the clinic to discuss the best product for your pet.

Treating the animal will help to break the lifecycle but must be continued. No preventative product on the market is able to kill the pupae stages. Regular vacuuming and washing of pet bedding will help to removed eggs, larvae and pupae from the environment. To prevent reinfestation will require long term, regular application of flea preventatives.

Multiple Choice Question

What percentage of the flea population exist and juvenile stages in the environment (that is eggs, larvae and pupae, NOT adult fleas)?

5%20%65%95%

Ahead of our next blog, all about Fleas and other Parasites, Advocate has a great deal this month.

Buy a 6 pack of Advocate and receive $30 off! *Offer available for a limited time only, and applies to all 6 packs and 2 x 3 puppy packs. Not valid in conjunction with any other offer.

Canine Pancreatitis...

What is the Pancreas?

The pancreas is a digestive organ, located next to the stomach. It is responsible for production of insulin to control blood glucose levels, but it also produces hormones respo

nsible for digestion of fats and proteins.

What is Pancreatitis?

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It is usually caused by a high fat meal. Foods such as marrow bones, Christmas ham and crackling, cat food, bacon and sausages are common meals to cause pancreatitis. Some dogs are more susceptible to pancreatitis than others, and depending on the individual’s ability to process fat. Dogs that have had pancreatitis previously are more likely to have a repeat bout.

What are symptoms of pancreatitis?

The most common symptoms of pancreatitis are vomiting, lethargy or inappetence. Occasionally diarrhoea may occur. Pancreatitis is quite painful and most affected animals are quite miserable. Symptoms can resemble non-specific gastrointestinal disease.

What do I do if I suspect my dog has pancreatitis?

Animals suspected of having pancreatitis must be seen by a vet. Severity of disease can vary from mild, to life threatening, and aggressive treatment may be needed. Your vet will diagnose pancreatitis based on clinical exam and blood testing results. Depending on how sick you dog is he may be treated at home or may need to be admitted to hospital for intensive care.

How do I avoid pancreatitis?

Avoiding feeding table scraps, cat food, marrow bones and high fat treats in susceptible dogs can help avoid pancreatitis. With Christmas coming it is particularly important to consider avoiding feeding dogs sausages, bacon, Christmas ham, pork crackling, fat trimmed from steak, chops or other meat cuts. Christmas time often sees an increase in pancreatitis cases as a result of the high fat foods we often eat at this time of year. Although we all love to share a treat with our pets, it is important to remember that dogs are less able to process fat than humans, and we must be careful with the treats we give them to avoid causing distressing illness in our pets at this time of year.

Are you going away during the Christmas period? Do you have everything you need for your furry family member? Here is a list things we recommend you check before you go away.

Food – If your animal is on a special diet it is worth checking you have enough before you go away. If you run out while you are away, and are unable to get you pets regular food, an abrupt change of diet may cause diarrhoea.Vaccinations - If you are traveling with your pet, or if your pet will be in a kennel you need to make sure your vaccines are up to date. Kennels will require a vaccination certificate, so if you cannot find yours then we can organise a replacement.Medications – Please order any medications you require well in advance of Christmas. During the holiday season our delivery companies close down, and we may not be able to order more in a hurry if you run out.Parasite products – different parts of Australia have different paraistes. Of particular relevance if you are leaving Melbourne are the increased prevalence of parasites such as heartworm, mites and ticks in other areas. Animals in kennels and catteries are at a higher risk of picking up fleas due to the large number of animals in a small area. If you are unsure what parasites your pet is likely to be exposed to while traveling, give us a call.Microchip details – have you moved since you got your pet? Has your phone number changed? If you have not updated these details on your pet’s microchip registration, we recommend you do. If these details are not up to date and your pet goes missing, it may be hard for you to be reunited.Details for the local vet- If you are taking your animal with you, we recommend you research the local vet in the area. In the case of an emergency it will be much less stressful if you know where you can get veterinary attention before it is needed.

What is FIV?FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retroviral infection similar to HIV in humans. FIV is spread primarily through bite wounds. This virus leads to long term immune suppression. Cats with this virus are more prone to a variety of infections, are prone to immune related disease, and are at higher risk of some cancers, especially lymphoma. There is currently no specific treatment or cure for FIV.

How common is FIV in Melbourne?The incidence of FIV is about 26% in outdoor cats in Victoria. The incidence in higher in stray and feral cats.

Which cats are at risk of FIV? All outdoor cats are a risk of exposure to FIV.

A single bite from a strange cat can lead to lifelong infection.

Cats living in a household alongside another cat known to have FIV may be at a higher risk of contracting this virus. It depends upon how well the cats get along. Harmonious households are less likely to have spread of disease, as bite wounds are required for spread

How do I know if my cat has FIV?.

What happens if my cat has FIV?.

Can I protect my cat from FIV?A vaccine is available which provides good protection from FIV. It initially requires a series of 3 injections given 2-4 weeks apart. After the initial course boosters are require annual to maintain protection. All adult cats need to be tested prior commencing FIV vaccine. Due to how common FIV virus is in Australia, we strongly recommend FIV vaccination for all cats that go outdoors, or live with a known FIV positive cat. It is particularly important to stay up to date with this vaccination. Cats that are more than 6 months overdue are not protected. These cats will need to be retested before booster vaccines are given, and will need to restart their initial course of 3 injections.

During the months of October and November we are offering 50% of FIV testing. Call the clinic to schedule an appointment for your cat to have an FIV test performed.

Are you loving your pet to death?

Do you have a pudgy pooch or is your kitty not so itty-bitty?

Come and join our free weight loss clinic! Join today and come in for a weight loss consultation with one of our friendly nurses. As a part of your consultation we will weight your animal, and using a set of scientific measurements determine its ideal weight. Once we have established your pets ideal weight we will discuss the best diet and feeding plan to achieve adequate weight loss. This may require a change of food, or we may be able to manage around your pet’s current diet. If your pet requires a Hill’s Prescription diet for a current medical condition, we can still calculate appropriate feeding quantities to achieve a healthier weight. After your consultation you will take home a feeding guideline and graph of your pets projected weight loss over time. We will create a feeding and exercise plan for you and your pet. The nurses will then schedule a repeat weight consult to confirm we are on target with our weight loss. This will provide an opportunity to address any weight loss challenges that have occurred. All patients without other prescription diet needs will go home with a sample of Hill’s Metabolic. Hill’s Metabolic has been clinically prove to reduce weight by 13% in 60 days, and to avoid weight regain after weight loss. Patients who join our weight loss clinic in the months of August and September will go into a competition to win a free bag of their food and toy to encourage exercise. One dog and one cat winner will be drawn from clients who come to all their scheduled weight checks between now and December 31st. Conditions: Weight loss clinic is only open to clients who purchase their food from our clinic. We recommend clients keen to join our weight loss clinic anticipate visits every 4-6 weeks to make sure weight loss is being achieved. This will ensure best results and should continue until your pet is its ideal weight. One prize will be awarded to a cat and one prize for a dog.

Winner will have joined the weight loss clinic in August or September and come in at least every 6 weeks for weight reassessments.

Your pet’s heart, like other organs, ages with your pet. Changes start to occur in our older animals over the years, these can be of no issue clinically, but sometimes they can be more sinister. Your vet will be able to pick up changes and to differentiate the benign cases from those cases which may need more of a work up and possible treatment. The most common old age heart diseases are mitral valve disease and congestive heart failure.

Mitral Valve Disease: Problems with the valves are the most common type of heart disease. The mitral valve which sits in the left side of the heart is the most commonly affected valve in our older animals. Changes occur to this valve which causes it to become leaky and thus lets blood back into the chamber it has just come from. This leak causes turbulence in the blood flow, which can be heard using a stethoscope – this is called a murmur.

Many murmurs do not need to be treated, only monitored for changes. Some can be more harmful to our furry friends. If the leak progresses, it can cause the heart to enlarge. As the heart enlarges it has a reduced ability to pump the adequate amount of blood around the body. This is what is called congestive heart failure.

Congestive Heart Failure: This can be the end result of mitral valve disease. Basically the heart is not able to pump enough blood around the body as it has weakened. As it cannot pump the blood fast enough the blood backs up in our vessels coming from the lungs. This then increases the pressure and fluid starts to leak into lungs. When fluid is present the lungs cannot absorb enough oxygen.

Signs of heart failure:

A dry ‘hacking’ coughIncreased breathing rateUnable/uninterested to go for usual walks or ‘slowing down’Pale or blue gums and tongue

If your animal is getting older he/she should get regular checks where the vet can listen for a murmur. If present your vet will discuss options of what to watch out for at home. We can also perform an ultrasound check of the heart to see if there is enlargement. There are some great medications to slow down the progression of heart failure if caught early. This will hopefully give you many more happy years together!

They may have Feline Hyperthyroidism

What is hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is a common condition of older cats. The reason why the disease starts is poorly understood, but results in excessive production of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone is responsible for maintaining metabolism. If excessive quantities of thyroid hormone are present, the metabolism goes into fast forward. This causes increased calorie consumption so weight loss is common. More serious effects as a result of high thyroid hormone include heart disease, liver disease and elevated blood pressure, leading to a multitude of further complications.

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

There are numerous symptoms that may be present with hyperthyroidism, and any combination can occur in a particular cat. These include:

Weight lossVomitingDiarrhoeaHeat intolerance (avoid rather than seeking warm locations)Irritability/aggressive behaviourIncreased thirst/urinationExercise intolerance (especially secondary to concurrent heart disease)

How do I test for Hyperthyroidism?

Basic blood screening profiles performed for older cats will detect high thyroid levels as well as some of the concurrent issues that can occur as a result of the thyroid disease.

Is thyroid disease treatable?

Thyroid disease in older cats is very treatable. There are a few treatment options available for this disease. Generally we recommend either life-long medication or Radioactive Iodine treatment (which is curative for most cats). Although surgery has been used in the past, it is no longer considered the best option. Treatment recommendations will be tailored to the individual patient, considering any other concurrent diseases that may be present.

SENIORS MONTHS JUNE AND JULY - BOOK NOW ..

Chronic Kidney Disease (Failure)

What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

CKD is a progressive loss of function of the kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for maintaining blood salt and water balance, as well as detoxing the body. As animals age their kidneys, much like the rest of the body start to work less effectively. There are a variety of factors that can hasten this process, but largely the cause will remain undetectable. This disease can occur in young animals, but is more common the older an animal gets. Whilst it occurs commonly in both older cats and dogs, it tends to affect cats at a high frequency.

What are the symptoms of CKD?

By the time symptoms are noticed, cats and dogs have progressed quite far along the disease process, and may have less than 30% of their kidney function remaining. During earlier stages of the disease the urine is less concentrated. This can easily be detected with basic urine testing. Later on as the disease progresses this increased urination may present as loss of house training. Animals have accidents around the house when this has previously not been an issue. Severe end stage disease leads to weight loss, vomiting, lethargy and inappetence.

How do we test for CKD?

Dilute urine is a non-specific sign and can be associated with a number of other common problems. If dilute urine is detected, we perform blood tests to determine the cause, and if kidney disease is present, to stage the severity. Some other tests may be recommended, depending on these results.

Can CKD be treated?

CKD cannot be cured. We can however treat to slow the progression, and to improve your pet’s quality of life, as well as increasing life expectancy. Treatment will vary depending on disease stage and specific urine changes. Initially treatment consists of a diet change, and later medications may be added into the treatment.

For more information on CKD see this website produced by the Washington State University http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/outreach/Pet-Health-Topics/categories/diseases/chronic-kidney-disease-and-failure

If you have any queries about your pets renal function, please call to arrange an appointment.

He might have arthritis.......

Arthritis is a common, manageable condition in our older dogs. Some people notice their dog is slowing down and attribute it to old age. For many of these dogs this “slowing down” is a result of pain associated with arthritis – pain that may be alleviated with treatment.

Primarily caused by wear and tear over time, arthritis is most common in older dogs, or dogs with a history of cruciate disease. However, it can develop in dogs as young as one year, especially in breeds prone to hip or elbow dysplasia

Signs of Arthritis in dogs include:

Reduced Activity – Is your dog spending less time playing and more time sleeping? Are they wanting to spend less time outside?Reduced Mobility – Is your dog reluctant to on the couch, or having trouble with stairs? Are they stiff or slow to stand, especially after lying or sitting for a long time?Mood Changes – Is your dog protective of their back end? Are they enjoying their back scratches less than they used to?Limping or slowing down on walks – Does your dog tire easily, or start to limp towards the end of a walk.

The good news is that with the right treatment, regular check-ups and a little work on your part, your dog can be healthy and active once more.

The first thing to do if you’re concerned is talk to your vet. They will examine your dog to detect any swelling, pain and inflammation and may take an x-ray to confirm any suspicions. It can be useful to take a video of your dog at home to show your vet as they are more likely to show their true behaviour when they’re not stressed and in unfamiliar surroundings.

If your dog has arthritis, your vet will may prescribe a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or other chondro-protective drug, a diet change, and suggest some lifestyle changes if necessary, such as weight loss.

Some other things that may help:

Make sure your dog has a soft, comfortable bed in a quiet place to retreat to.Keep walks short and regular. Shorter more frequent walks are helpful for arthritis. These short walks help to encourage replacement of fluid within joints and reduce inflammation. Infrequent or excessively long walks are less helpful, and more likely to cause more pain.Weight control – any excess weight carried by an arthritic dog leads to increased pain. Weight loss decreases pain, and increases your dog’s ability and willingness to exercise.

Remember, arthritis doesn’t go away when the symptoms do – it’s a lifelong condition. It’s important you continue with your dog’s medication even when they seem better (this probably means that treatment is working). Follow your vet’s advice. If you stop too soon, the pain and stiffness will return.

Cats are designed to run, jump and play. It’s part of what being a cat is all about!

If you’ve noticed your cat slowing down – maybe they’re not as nimble as they used to be – it’s easy to assume it’s a natural part of growing old. However, just like humans, cats can suffer from arthritis, a painful degenerative disease of the joints which causes inflammation, pain and a diminished quality of life.

Primarily caused by wear and tear over time, arthritis is most common in older cats (90% of cats over 12 years of age suffer from arthritis) but it can develop in cats as young as one year. Clinical studies have shown that around 1 in 3 cats suffer from arthritis, yet few are diagnosed and many suffer in silence.

This is because lameness is apparent in less than half of all cases and because cats naturally disguise pain and discomfort (a survival strategy) so the signs of arthritis are difficult to spot.

It’s the subtle changes in your cat’s behaviour you need to watch out for, such as:

Reduced Activity – Is your cat spending less time playing and more time sleeping? Are they hesitant to go out or explore?Reduced Mobility – Is your cat reluctant to jump, or making smaller jumps? Are they using a chair to help them get to some place higher? Are they having trouble climbing stairs, getting into their litter tray or using the cat flap? Are they no longer sleeping in a favourite high sleeping spot?Mood Changes – Is your cat irritable when handled? Do they object to being patted or stroked? Have you noticed increased aggression or biting? Is your cat avoiding contact with people and other animals?Changes in Hygiene – Is your cat spending less time grooming? Is their coat matted and scruffy? Maybe they’re avoiding using their litter tray or not covering up after themselves?

The good news is that with the right treatment, regular check-ups and a little work on your part, your cat can be healthy and active once more.

The first thing to do if you’re concerned is talk to your vet. They will examine your cat to detect any swelling, pain and inflammation and may take an x-ray to confirm any suspicions. It can be useful to take a video of your cat at home to show your vet as they are more likely to show their true behaviour when they’re not stressed and in unfamiliar surroundings.

If your cat has arthritis, your vet will may prescribe a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or other chondro-protective drug, a diet change, and suggest some lifestyle changes if necessary, such as weight loss.

Some other things that may help:

Make sure your cat has a soft, comfortable bed in a quiet place to retreat to.Make meal times easier by putting your cat’s bowl in a place that doesn’t require stretching, climbing or jumping. Cats need to feel safe when they’re eating so position their bowl away from their cat flap and litter tray.Keep a second bowl of drinking water in a separate part of the house as some cats don’t like to drink where they eat.Use a litter tray with at least one low side to make your cat’s trips to the toilet more comfortable. Place their tray somewhere secluded where they feel safe.Cats are usually enthusiastic groomers but when they’re suffering from arthritis they may need your help. Find out what sort of grooming your cat enjoys and avoid areas that are sore. Gentle grooming can act like a massage, relaxing your cat and releasing their happy hormones.Cut your cat’s claws or provide a scratching post.Encourage play and interaction to provide exercise and mental stimulation.Make sure your cat has regular veterinary check-ups.

Remember, arthritis doesn’t go away when the symptoms do – it’s a lifelong condition. It’s important you continue with your cat’s medication even when they seem better. If you stop too soon, the pain and stiffness will return.

Book your Seniors Vet Check during June and July for discounted extras.

Senior Pet Months

Did you know that animals over 8 years of age are considered seniors?

Our animals start to show signs of aging at this point in their life.

As pets age it becomes important to have check-ups at least every 6 months, to enable earlier detection of aging problems. See our on our website for some of the common health complaints in older animals.

June and July are senior’s months at All Creatures on Hoddle.

Book in for your seniors check-up now.

Seniors consultation will include a full examination, blood pressure check, and urine concentration and biochemical check. These procedures can help to detect early signs of a number of serious diseases including liver disease, kidney failure and diabetes mellitus in our older pets.

During our seniors months this will result in a total saving of $84.70.

Blood testing can enable early detection of many diseases of older animals.

It is especially recommend for animals experiencing weight loss, increased thirst, increased urination or decreased urine concentration. During the months of June and July blood screening on senior animals will be available for the reduced price of $115 (usually $178).

All other procedures booked as a result of senior consultations in June and July will be eligible for a 20% discount.

Arthritis supplement samples will be available for owners of animals where this is a concern. Arthritis is extremely common in our older animals, and some diets and nutritional supplements will aid in relieving mild symptoms.

Call the clinic to make an appointment for your seniors check-up on (03) 9415 8288. At the time of your appointment if possible please bring a first of the morning sample of urine for testing. For cats if they are not let outside prior to their appointment we may be able to collect a sample while you are here. Urine pots are available at the clinic on request, otherwise a clean, soap free (rinsed) jar or plastic container is adequate.

Senior Pet Month

Animals are considered to be middle aged once they reach the age of 7 years. As a general rule large dogs age faster than smaller dogs, and cats age more slowly than dogs. After this time many pets may start to show signs of aging. To see your pet’s age in equivalent human’s years see this calculator at http://www.hillspet.com.au/en-au/seniors/pet-years-in-human-years.htmlWhat problems affect senior animals? As animals age they are at an increased risk of many diseases. Some of the disease processes that are more common in older animals include: Heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, thyroid disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, hypertension (high blood pressure), some eye conditions, brain aging/dementia, dental disease, and various cancers.What signs should I watch out for in my senior animal? Common symptoms of some of the above diseases include: 

Increased Thirst – animals which drink more, especially without a change in diet could have many causes  Increased Urination - either increased volumes of urine or increased frequency. In extreme cases these animals cannot go all night without needing to go to the toilet.  Lumps and bumps - while some lumps are nothing to worry about, some can be become nasty, and all lumps should be checked. Unexpected weight loss  Bad breath - this may be an indication of periodontal disease.  Vomiting - either new vomiting or increased frequency.  Changes in stool consistency or colour  Stiffness, limping or "slowing down". In cats we may see that they sleep more, or do not jump as well or as high as previously.  Coughing  Reduced activity. Unable or unwilling to do previously normal activities. “Tires” or “sleeps a lot”  Weight gain – obesity will particularly exacerbate osteoarthritis  Changes in skin and coat  Poor vision – bumping into things  Loss of hearing Loss of muscle mass

What will the vet do if my pet has these signs? The first step is through check-up. Some of these symptoms are non-specific and could apply to many diseases. Others may lead to a diagnosis at the time of the check-up. Depending on the problem, the vet may recommend medications, blood tests or x-rays. For some problems such as arthritis, we may decide to treat with medications. We will often run blood tests at the same time to help decide which medications are the safest for your animal.How often does my senior animal need a check up? Senior animals should have a general health check every 6 months. This enables us to detect aging changes early in the disease process.Why do blood and urine tests for my senior animal? Many symptoms of disease in older animals are subtle, and may go unnoticed until the cat or dog has progressed a long way, or may not be noticed in animals that spend a lot of time outdoors. Kidney disease is a good example. The first symptom is increased thirst and urination. By the time this is detectable, the kidney function has reduced by 70%. By running periodic blood tests we can detect these diseases at an early stage. The early we detect a problem, the sooner we can treat the disease. This will lead to a longer, and better quality of life for your animal. For animals on long term medications or with specific disease concerns we may recommend these blood tests are repeated every 6 months.

For older animals without ongoing medications or medical problems every 12-18 months may be recommended.I am bringing my older animal for a check-up. What do I need to prepare? Make a list of any concerns you have. Often with older animals people have many questions. Writing them down will make sure nothing is missed. If possible, it is helpful to bring in a sample of urine that has been collected that morning.What will happen during my senior check? The vet will give your animal a thorough clinical exam. We will ask vary questions that may prompt us to worry about particular problems. At this time we can answer any questions you may have. We can quickly check its concentration during your consultation. If this sample is dilute we will likely recommend blood tests. Dilute urine is an early symptom of many disease processes. The vet will also check your pet’s blood pressure. High blood pressure can occur with many senior animal diseases. If your animal has high blood pressure during his or her check-up, then we would recommend a day stay with several checks to ensure this is a consistent finding.

All Creatures On Hoddle 1229 Hoddle St,

East Melbourne (03) 9415 8288

www.allcreaturesonhoddle.com

Pet Insurance

At All Creatures on Hoddle, we strongly recommend pet insurance for your animal. Unexpected illness or accidents can be quite expensive. Car accidents, broken legs, bloating dogs and pancreatitis are sudden illnesses, which occur commonly. Some of these problems may lead to expensive out of hours vet visits.

Chronic illnesses add up over time. Examples include skin disease, allergies, kidney disease and heart disease amongst many. Medications for some of these conditions can end up costing hundreds of dollars per month.

Many insurance companies offer pet insurance, and bundling your pet insurance with other insurance policies you already have may reduce your premiums. The inclusions and exclusions for policies are similar between companies, and we do not recommend a particular company. Choice performed a review of pet insurance in Australia. Details on their findings, and their recommendations on choosing a pet insurance policy can be found here.

As a general rule, the younger your pet is when you start insurance the better! Health problems are more common in older animals. However, if you delay taking up insurance you may find many previous issues are excluded from your coverage.

One of our patients, a Great Dane is a perfect example of why pet insurance is worthwhile. She became unwell with bloat on Christmas day. This is an urgent, life threatening condition, which can become fatal within hours. She was rushed into the after-hours hospital and straight into surgery. The owners detected her symptoms immediately, and her recovery was remarkably rapid, but the bill was still over $3000. We were astounded with how quickly she recovered, and generally would expect the bill for this condition to be twice as much. In addition to her emergency, she has ongoing skin issues that cost in excess of $300 per month to control. Fortunately their pet insurance covers the bulk of the cost of this treatment.

When considering insurance for our pets you should not expect to "get your money’s worth." As with considering house and contents insurance you do not expect the house to flood, or to be burgled, but you take out these policies in case something unforeseen happens. Pet insurance should be considered in the same way; you do not expect your pet to get sick, but if they do, the insurance is a safety net. It ensures that if the worst happens, you can provide the best treatment.

What is atopic dermatitis?

Atopic Dermatitis is an allergic skin disease with a genetic basis. Dogs with atopic dermatitis have generalised sensitivity to environmental allergens. These dogs are persistently itchy. Atopic dogs have a poor skin barrier, and treatment to improve the skin barrier can reduce symptoms. Atopic Dermatitis cannot be cured, we can only control the symptoms.

What is the skin barrier, and why is it important in Atopic Dermatitis?

The skin barrier is made up of a layer of skin cells, as well as proteins and fats which surround the cells and hold the cells together. This skin barrier forms an impervious layer on the surface of the skin, and prevents bacteria and allergens from penetrating into the deeper layers. It retains moisture in the skin, preventing skin from drying and flaking.

When the skin barrier is compromised, the skin is unable to retain moisture, and becomes dry. Bacteria and yeast are able to invade the deeper layers. Allergens such as pollens, grass and other environmental irritants can penetrate and cause irritation. These infections and allergens lead to inflammation in the skin, and this leads to itching.

The primary problem in Atopic Dermatitis is a skin barrier malfunction. These dogs do not have enough good fats and proteins in the skin to form a nice barrier, and this leads to the symptoms of itching and secondary infections.

How can we improve the skin barrier?

The skin barrier can be improved via a number of treatments. Improving the skin barrier may avoid or reduce the amount of medications needed, and will reduce the frequency of vet visits.

Diet

Adding extra Essential Fatty Acids to the diet will improve the lipid layer in the skin and reduce inflammation. Most dogs will have at least some improvement in itch levels with this simple change. The correct balance of omega 3 and omega 6 will give the optimum improvement. Dogs with atopic dermatitis do not have enough of these fats in their skin, and require more of these fats in their diet than dogs without skin disease. Regular dog food often does not contain enough of these fats for Atopic dogs, and these patients may require a change of diet. It will take 6-12 weeks to notice an effect from a change of diet in skin quality, so patience is required.

Commercial Dog Foods

Some diets for dogs with sensitive skin will contain high levels of these fats. Delicate Care Skin and Stomach is the main brand we recommend here, and has been formulated to improve skin barrier function. Many other brands of food designed for sensitive dogs will also contain these good fats, so if you are unsure about you food, please discuss this with a vet.

Dietary Supplements

If you would prefer not to change your dog’s food, it is possible to add these fats to your dog’s current diet. Commercial products such as Blackmore’s Paws Megaderm can be poured onto your dog’s dinner. If you do not want a commercial product Canola and sunflower oils also contain a good balance of omega 3 and omega 6 fats.

Topical treatments

A variety of topical treatments are available to improve skin barrier function.

Topical omega 3 and 6

If you are not supplementing your dog’s food with omega 3 and 6, there are topical products that can be used instead. Blackmores “Essential 6” is a spot on product that can be used as an alternative means of adding these good fats to your dog’s skin.

Shampoo and conditioner

Many shampoos and conditioners designed for sensitive dogs have ingredients that improve the skin barrier. These complement food additives.

Paw’s Nutriderm range contains oatmeal colloids, ceramides and other plant oils. These products add proteins and fats into the skin, as well and washing away allergens that are contributing to itch.

Why is bathing important for treating Atopic Dermatitis?

When we wash a dog, the shampoo lathers and retains many of the microscopic particles that are on the skin causing itch. If we follow washing with a thorough rinse (5 minutes of running water) we then remove these particles from the skin surface. This long rinse also reintroduces water to the skin layer, and when followed by a conditioner, provides effective moisturising for dry, atopic skin.

In dogs with atopy, there is often some level of infection with bacteria or yeast. Use of a gentle medicated shampoo will treat these infections, and may eliminate the need for antibiotic or antifungal medications. We recommend Blackmore’s Mediderm shampoo in these cases as it is effective on the most common causes of these infections, and is less drying or irritant than some of the other medicated shampoos. If a dog has Atopy severe enough to get skin infection, then we should follow the bath with a conditioner. Blackmore’s nutriderm conditioner can be used as a rinse, or can be left on, making it easy to use.

What other non-medical treatments may help Atopic Dermatitis?

Food

In some dogs food allergies can contribute to atopic dermatitis. Even in dogs where itchy ears are the only symptom, food allergies may be contributing. The most common ingredients to cause food allergy are the proteins in the food. In order of frequency, the most likely causes of food allergies in dogs are: Beef, Chicken, Dairy, Lamb and Wheat. In general other grains are unlikely to be causing allergies in dogs. Preservatives and other additives almost never cause allergies in dogs. Dogs with food allergies might also have periodic vomiting or diarrhoea (but not all food allergic dogs).

A wide range of novel protein and hypoallergenic diets are available depending on your preference. The main diets we use are Delicate Care Skin and Stomach, Hills Prescription Diet z/d, and Royal Canin Analergenic. Foods that are beneficial for atopic dogs where food allergies are not part of the problem include Hills Derm Defence and Royal Canin Skin Support. Many other foods are suitable for allergy control – if you have questions about the food you are currently using please discuss this with a vet.

Parasite Prevention

Dogs with atopy can have a relapse of symptoms if they are affected by parasites, especially fleas. Good regular flea prevention can reduce risk of relapse. A wide variety of flea preventatives are available, to decide which one suits you best discuss this with the vet.

I have tried all of the above, and my dog is still itchy. What medical treatments are available?

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is allergy testing, and allergy vaccinations. Some dogs with atopic dermatitis may be strongly allergic to a small number of allergens, and may benefit from allergy vaccines. Unfortunately, a lot of dogs with atopic dermatitis are only mildly reactive to a wide variety of allergens. These dogs are unlikely to benefit from allergy vaccines

Antihistamines

Some dogs respond very well to antihistamines to treat their atopic dermatitis. This is highly variable between dogs, but if appropriate antihistamines are trialled, they are quite safe for long term use.

Always check with a vet prior to starting antihistamines. This will ensure not only that the dose is appropriate, but that the medication is safe. While some human antihistamines can be used safely in dogs, others can cause significant side effects including heart arrhythmias.

Antibiotics and Antifungal Medications

As these dogs often develop secondary infections with bacterial and/or yeast, they will from time to time need antibiotics or antifungals to control the symptoms. Medicated bathing may avoid or reduce this need, but if infections are bad, oral medication is recommended.

Corticosteroids (cortisone)

Cortisone is great for reducing itch and inflammation short term, but if used long term there are a wide variety of side effects. We may often prescribe short courses of this medication when you dog has a bad flare of symptoms, but in general it is preferable to use other treatments for long term control.

Cyclosporine (Atopica)

This medication is an immune modulating drug. It dampens the activity of the immune cells that contribute to the itch and inflammation in the skin that cause the symptoms. It does not improve the skin barrier, but will reduce itching. Cyclosporine can take 4 weeks to achieve maximum effect. Cyclosporine is excellent at controlling Atopic dermatitis. It is however, very expensive. All of the previously mentioned control methods may eliminate the need for this drug, or at the least would be expected to reduce the required dose. As it does affect the immune system, regular blood tests to check white blood cell numbers is recommended (1-2 times per year).

Oclactinib maleate (Apoquel)

Apoquel is a new drug in Australia for Atopic Dermatitis. It is cheaper than Cyclosporine (but still quite expensive), and starts working faster. It works in a different way to the other drugs to reduce itching at the skin and nerve levels. In most dogs it is very effective, however anecdotally, some patients we have started on this have not improved as much as we would like. As with Cyclosporine, this medication does not alter the skin barrier, and by following the earlier recommendations you may avoid the need for this medication, or reduce the dose required.

During our Canine and Feline Dental Awareness Campaign we are having a pet photo competition.

Winner will receive a dental health care hamper.

The Cat Hamper will contain a bag of Hill’s T/D food, 1 bag of each ocean fish and chicken flavour Greenies, and a tub of plaque off and a bottle of Healthy Mouth for Cats and a Prozym toothpaste kit.

The Dog Hamper will contain a bag of Hill’s T/D, a bag of Prozym treats, a bottle of healthy mouth Original flavour and a tub of Plaque off and a prozym toothpaste kit.

To enter the competition follow the following 3 steps.

1. Like us on Facebook

2. Share your Best Pet Smile photo on our facebook page

3. Come in for your FREE dental check.

Call the clinic on 03 9415 8288 to make an appointment.

Competition ends on the 28th of February.

Photo of the cat and dog with the most Facebook likes and has been in for a dental check will win the hamper.

Winner will be announced 8th of March.

FREE Dental Check Voucher

Periodontal disease is very common in our cats and dogs. According to the Australian Veterinary Dental Society more than 80% of dogs and 70% of cats develop some form of dental disease by age 3 If left untreated, periodontal disease leads to pain, infection and tooth loss. The bacteria and toxins associated with plaque can lead to effects on other parts of the body.

Call for an appointment, print or mention this voucher for your free dental check. At this appointment a vet will check your pet’s current dental health, discuss the need for dental care, discuss home dental care options, and you will receive a free dental chew to try for your pet!

Offer expires 28th February. Call 03 9415 8288 to make an appointment

*Free visit for dental check only – if any other issues need addressing a consultation fee will apply.

Please SHARE with all your family and friends .

Are you going on Holiday over the Xmas break? Are you hoping to board your pet ?

If so, then remember all boarding facilities require vaccinations to be up to date for at least a week before the pet is due to board. They usually require your pets worming and flea treatment to be up to date also.

Book in to get your pets vaccinations, worming and flea treatment done as soon as possible to avoid that last minute stress so you can head off on that much needed break.

We just might have the right place for you.

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AND OF COURSE IT'S PET FRIENDLY!!!

4 BEDROOMS , SLEEPS 8 PEOPLE

LINEN SUPPLIED, JUST BRING YOUR TOWEL AND TOOTHBRUSH.

AVAILABLE FROM DECEMBER 20 TO JANUARY 2ND

EASY WALK TO MT MARTHA VILLAGE. YACHT CLUB AND LIFE SAVING CLUB.

USUALLY $500 A NIGHT BUT WILLING TO DO A DEAL FOR LONGER STAY.

FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL PH 0425 854 836

We at All Creatures on Hoddle are currently seeing a small outbreak of kennel cough and this is our most common question from owners visiting the vet.

Kennel Cough is an extremely contagious infection which causes tracheobronchitis (inflammation of the lining of the airways).

Currently, the kennel cough vaccination provides protection against two highly contagious organisms, Parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica which, if contracted ,would result in very severe forms of the disease.

n that is out in the environment, and your dog does remain susceptible to these less serious organisms.

It should be noted that your dog does not need to be boarding in kennels to contract the infection, (though this is sometimes the case as dogs are in close proximity and are sometimes more stressed than usual ). The organisms are carried through the air so your dog could contract the infection almost anywhere.

The main symptom of kennel cough, is of course, a persistent cough or honk that sometimes ends with a gagging sound. Some owners think their dog is choking, some describe it as a 'reverse sneeze'.

Unfortunately the more the dog coughs, the more irritated the airway linings become, so the disease tends to linger.

Veterinary treatment involves alleviating the symptoms with cough suppressants and/or anti inflammatories and, as there is often a bacterial element to kennel cough, your vet may also prescribe a course of antibiotics to hasten recovery.

Good home nursing will also speed recovery. Keep your dog rested and warm to reduce the coughing bouts.

Notify your vet if your dog seems worse, becomes listless or refuses to eat as they should then be evaluated for pneumonia especially if they have not had their yearly booster vaccine.

Most dogs will bounce back after a week and should completely recover from coughing in about two to three weeks.

So, remember, while the vaccine cannot guarantee your dog will not get kennel cough, it will definitely spare him from getting a serious bout of the disease and its consequences. It is for this reason we recommend a yearly booster to protect your best friend.

As you may have seen on ABC, Channel 7, Channel 10 and across many metro and regional Victorian radio stations, paralysis tick infestation cases are confirmed in many postcodes around Victoria. Here is the press release and tick maps for those wanting more information about this growing problem.

This information has come from a study Merial (NEXGARD) have supported.

PRESS RELEASE FROM MERIALNew study uncovers first cases of the deadly eastern paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus) in dogs and cats in the Greater Melbourne Area

Melbourne, Monday 12 September 2016 – As Australia enters the tick season (September – April)* pet owners across Greater Melbourne are being warned to be particularly vigilant after 14 cases of tick paralysis1, including two fatal incidences, have been documented in the area. Normally present along the Eastern Seaboard of Australia, the deadly eastern paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, has been reported at 32 postcodes in the Greater Melbourne Area and appears to be more toxic and life-threatening than the familiar southern paralysis tick, Ixodes cornuatus.

New research by parasitologist Professor Stephen Barker2, supported by a grant from animal health company MERIAL, sought to highlight the emerging problem and threat facing Victorian pet owners. Commenting on the findings, Professor Barker says, “This new study is the first to systematically document eastern paralysis ticks in the Greater Melbourne Area. It seems that eastern paralysis ticks are travelling to the Greater Melbourne area by either hitching a ride on pets from areas where the tick is endemic, or through hitching a ride on people that visit Melbourne from areas where the tick is endemic.”

Hotspots across the Greater Melbourne area where eastern paralysis tick and/or the southern paralysis ticks have been reported include:

1. Bullengarook, Gisborne, NE Gisborne (3437) - 17 reported cases of tick infestation 2. Chum Creek, Healesville and Toolangi (3777) - 7 reported cases of tick infestation 3. Pakenham (3810) - 5 reported cases of tick infestation 4. Melbourne (3000), Donvale (3111), Dandenong (3175), Silvan (3795) and Eltham (3095) - 4 cases of tick infestation 5. Emerald (3782) - 3 reported cases of tick infestation

MERIAL’s Technical Services Manager, Dr. Jennifer Hamilton, commented: “Although the number of reported cases of infestation with the eastern paralysis tick is fairly low, the consequences for pets can be deadly. We feel it’s important to alert pet owners in Victoria about this emerging threat now so that we can raise awareness of the signs to look out for and the best way to manage a pet that may be affected.”

Tick paralysis can be present in different ways but more common clinical signs include: • Vomiting • Loss of appetite • Lethargy • Altered pupil size • Changes in breathing sound or pattern • Altered ability to move, particularly with the back legs • A change in gum colour • Change or loss of voice (bark or meow) • Coughing • Cannot blink in one or both eyes

If these signs are detected it is vital that the pet owner seeks immediate veterinary attention, minimises stress to the animal and removes any ticks that are found as quickly as possible. Removed ticks should be kept for identification purposes.

Case Study Details • 'Casper', a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel-cross, owned by 16yr old Maxim Fisher from St Kilda, East Melbourne • Casper was given to Maxim for his fifth birthday • Maxim was distraught to see his active pet dog struggling to walk and having difficulty breathing one day and immediately took him to the vet with his mum • The local vet found an eastern paralysis tick on Casper’s shoulder and diagnosed tick toxicity • This was a huge surprise for the Fisher family, since Casper had not left East Melbourne in the previous six months. He had however been taken for a walk each day to a park frequented by dogs and their owners • Casper was treated with antiserum and fortunately made a full recovery • 18 months later, Casper again suffered from tick toxicity. As before, he had not left East Melbourne in the previous six months. Fortunately he again responded to treatment and one week later was back to his normal happy self

Maxim’s mother Helen Fisher said of the paralysis tick toxicity:

“The threat was not something we had been aware of, so prevention had never crossed our minds.

Of course we try and be as careful as possible with Casper’s health but this wasn't a threat we

knew about to consider. We hope the publication of this study will inform other pet owners of the real paralysis tick danger in Victoria and the importance of using a tick control product regularly before another incident occurs.”

Dr. Hamilton adds: “We recommend that pet owners learn more about the dangers of the eastern paralysis tick, and encourage them to undertake daily tick searches of their pets. If ticks are found, they should be removed immediately and kept for veterinarian inspection. Additionally, owners should regularly use a product that protects against ticks. MERIAL’s NexGard®3 is an easy-to-administer once a month beef flavoured chew that protects dogs against both fleas and ticks.

It can easily be given with or without food, just like a monthly treat, without the need for tricks or coaxing. For cats, we recommend FRONTLINE® SPRAY4 to protect against eastern paralysis ticks.”

-ENDS-

About NexGard NexGard can be given with or without food and is also suitable for puppies from 8 weeks of age, weighing 2kgs or greater. NexGard is available in Australia at leading veterinary clinics and pet speciality stores. For more information on how to protect your dog from ticks and fleas using NexGard, please visit www.nexgard.com.au or see product label for full claim details.About MERIAL MERIAL is a world-leading, innovation-driven animal health company, providing a comprehensive range of products that focus on disease prevention and overall health and wellness in animals, MERIAL has three main business areas: pets, farm animals, and veterinary public health, and our health solutions target more than 200 diseases and conditions across a variety of species. MERIAL employs 6,900 people and operates in more than 150 countries worldwide with over €2.5 billion of sales in 2015. MERIAL is a Sanofi company. For more information, please see www.MERIAL.com; @MERIALAbout Stephen Barker (PhD) Stephen Barker is a Professor of Parasitology at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. 3 See product label for full claim details and usage instructions. 4 See product label for full claim details and usage instructions. For paralysis tick control on cats use FRONTLINE® SPRAY every 3 weeks. Professor Barker has been studying ticks and other ectoparasites at for 25 years. Recent activities include: (i) a monograph, with Dr Alan Walker (University of Edinburgh) on the “Ticks of Australia. The species that infest domestic animals and humans” (2014, Zootaxa, 3816); (ii) research on the paralysis ticks of Australia, Ixodes holocyclus (paralysis tick) and Ixodes cornuatus (southern paralysis tick).

Media Contact Beatrice Chew bea@zing.net.au Tel. +61 02 8303 6415

* Please consult your veterinarian regarding the risk of ticks in your area. Tick seasonality may be different in some areas. 1 Evidence was reported in 10 dogs, 3 cats and 1 human. 2 Barker, S.C., Hamilton, J.A. & Barker, D. (2016). Ixodes holocyclus, the eastern paralysis tick, and Ixodes cornuatus, the southern paralysis tick, are epizootic (cycling from time-to-time in some years) at some postcodes in the Greater Melbourne Area; and I. cornuatus is enzootic (cycling from year-to-year) at other postcodes in the Greater Melbourne Area, Australia. Report. (17 pp). School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072.

The start of Spring, and indeed the start of every season, means it's time to worm your feathered and furry friends.

All Creatures on Hoddle understands the importance of regularly worming your pets, as their health can suffer if they are not protected by regular worming. There are twelve different intestinal worms that can infect dogs and eight which affect cats, including the roundworm an

d tapeworm. The recommended frequency for worming is four times a year , or the start of each season. Regular worming is an inexpensive way to keep the whole family healthy.

A variety of products are available to treat worms, including roundworms and tapeworms in pets, but they are not all equally effective. For the best advice on the type of worming preparation most suitable for your pet, simply ask us at All Creatures on Hoddle.

Pop in to the clinic for a free weight check and discuss your worming needs.

Mention this newsletter and we'll give you a 10% discount on your worming product

N.B. Worming treatments do not prevent worms, they only kill worms. So it's important to deworm regularly

There are a few considerations that must be taken prior to performing a general anaesthetic on your animal. Please read to following information prior to admitting your animal for an anaesthetic.

Fasting

All cats and dogs are to be fasted prior to a general anaesthetic. They can have dinner the night before a procedure, but all food must be removed from 8pm the night before. Water is ok.

Medications

If your animal is receiving any medications at the time of an anaesthetic please check with you vet as to whether they should be given prior to the procedure. Some medications must be stopped prior to anaesthesia.

Admission

All animals having a general anaesthetic are to be admitted between 8:30-9:30am the morning of the procedure. This enables us to prepare your animal for its procedure, and gives ample time to recover from the anaesthetic prior to going home that evening. Please walk dogs prior to admission. This gives them the chance to empty their bowels and bladders and will make them more comfortable when recovering from the anaesthetic.

Contact details

At admission please ensure we have up to date contact details on which we can contact you all day. Sometimes we need to contact owners during an anaesthetic procedure and it is important that we can easily get a hold of you if needed to avoid prolonged or repeated anaesthetics.

Pre-anaesthetic Blood tests

Pre-anaesthetic blood tests are optional, but recommended prior to any general anaesthesia. These tests check liver and kidney function, glucose and protein levels and can detect anaemia. These blood tests can detect problems in an animal that is not showing signs of illness, and may affect anaesthetic safety, and may change ideal medication options. In general, the older an animal, the more likely that some abnormality will be detected. By detecting these problems and altering our anaesthetic to suit your pet’s needs, we can improve the safety of this procedure. These blood tests are available at a cost of $80 and can be performed the morning of surgery.

Intravenous Fluids

Intravenous fluids are optional but recommended with all general anaesthesia. These fluids help to maintain good blood pressure during the surgery, reduce risk of anaesthetic induced kidney damage, and improve recovery from anaesthesia by helping to flush medications for the body. In this way intravenous fluids help to improve anaesthetic safety for your pet. These fluids are available with surgery at the cost of $

Lumps

For animals being admitted to have lumps surgically removed, we request that you point out these lumps at admission. Particularly for small lumps, or animals with numerous lumps it is ideal to ensure we know where these are located at admission.

Additional procedures

If you would like additional procedures performed while your pet is in hospital please advise us on admission. This may include procedures such as vaccination, worming, microchipping, nail clipping and ear cleaning.

We've all heard it, "Don't give your dog chocolate it will kill him". Well, how true is it you're probably wondering? Do I have to rush him to an emergency vet if he ate one of my M&M's? The truth is chocolate contains theobromine that is toxic to dogs in sufficient quantities. This is a xanthine compound in the same family of caffeine, and theophylline. Toxic Levels The good news is that it takes, on average, a fairly large amount of theobromine 100-150 mg/kg to cause a toxic reaction. Although there are variables to consider like the individual sensitivity, animal size and chocolate concentration. On average, Milk chocolate contains 44 mg of theobromine per oz. Semisweet chocolate contains 150mg/oz. Baker's chocolate 390mg/oz. Using a dose of 100 mg/kg as the toxic dose it comes out roughly as: 1 ounce per 1 pound of body weight for Milk chocolate 1 ounce per 3 pounds of body weight for Semisweet chocolate 1 ounce per 9 pounds of body weight for Baker's chocolate. So, for example, 2 oz. of Baker's chocolate can cause great risk to an 15 lb. dog. Yet, 2 oz. of Milk chocolate usually will only cause digestive problems. Clinical Signs Xanthines affect the nervous system, cardiovascular system and peripheral nerves. It has a diuretic effect as well. Clinical signs: Hyper excitability Hyper irritability Increased heart rate Restlessness Increased urination Muscle tremors Vomiting Diarrhea Treatment There is no specific antidote for this poisoning. And the half life of the toxin is 17.5 hours in dogs. Induce vomiting in the first 1-2 hours if the quantity is unknown. Administering activated charcoal may inhibit absorption of the toxin. An anticonvulsant might be indicated if neurological signs are present and needs to be controlled. Oxygen therapy, intravenous medications, and fluids might be needed to protect the heart. Milk chocolate will often cause diarrhea 12-24 hours after ingestion. This should be treated symptomatically (fluids, etc..) to prevent dehydration. If you suspect your pet has ingested chocolate contact your Vet immediately! They can help you determine the the proper treatment for your pet.